Toulmin Method
Toulmin Method represents the systematic technique that is used to analyze the logic of every argument (Green, 2022, p.315). This method was developed by philosopher Stephen Toulmin in 1958. This method breaks arguments down into 5 component parts. These 5 elements are: claims, evidence, warrant, qualifier and rebuttal.
Claims- statement of opinion that the author is asking her or his audience to accept as true.
Evidence- the facts, data, or reasoning upon which the claim is based.
Warrant- bridge/link between claims and evidence.
Qualifier- limits or qualifiers the claim (Green, 2022, p.317). It adds strength to claims because they help the audience understand the author does not expect her or his opinion to be true all of the time.
Rebuttal- a statement that shows that the writer has anticipated counterarguments and diffused them by showing their flaws (Green, 2022, p.318). This is the part in which the author addresses the opposing views.
Link to the site that explains each one of these elements in a simple and easy to understand way:
- Stephen Toulmin, British philosopher.
An example that I found online in which this method was used can be seen by clicking on this link. The claim of this argument is that schools should ban soda from their campuses. The evidence for this claim is that banning soda would protect overall student health because sugar drinks like soda and some fruit juices have been linked to a wide range of ills, from the current obesity epidemic to the rising incidence of type II diabetes and heart disease in this country. The warrant is that poor diet leads to many health problems, since there is a high correlation between sugary drinks and obesity rates. Lastly, rebuttal is that this wouldn't prevent students from drinking soda outside of school/at home.
Another example of how is Toulmin Method used:
Citations:
Green, J. (2022). Communicating Online. McGraw-Hill Create. https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/books/9781307755855
Chen, G. (2022, May 18). Soda at school? more districts are just saying no. Public School Review. Retrieved November 16, 2022, from
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